Cynoglossus microlepis is a species of tongue sole (family Cynoglossidae), best known for its extreme flat, leaf-like body and bottom-dwelling lifestyle.
Key facts
- Common names: Tongue sole, river sole (varies by region)
- Body shape: Very flat and elongated; both eyes are on the same side of the head
- Coloration: Mottled brown to gray, excellent camouflage against sand and mud
- Size: Commonly 15–25 cm (about 6–10 inches)
Habitat & distribution
- Found in East and Southeast Asia
- Lives in freshwater to brackish environments, especially slow rivers, estuaries, and muddy bottoms
- Spends most of its life buried in sand or silt, with only eyes exposed
Behavior & diet
- Nocturnal ambush predator
- Feeds on small worms, insect larvae, crustaceans, and tiny fish
- Relies heavily on camouflage rather than speed
Aquarium notes (important)
- Not a beginner fish
- Needs a soft sand substrate (no gravel—can damage the body)
- Requires excellent water quality and gentle flow
- Often refuses dry food; usually needs live or frozen foods
- Peaceful but may eat very small tankmates
